Endocrinology and Gynecology

Gestational diabetes mellitus (sometimes referred to as GDM) is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. Most women will no longer have diabetes after the baby is born. However, some women will continue to have high blood glucose levels after delivery. It is diagnosed when higher than normal blood glucose levels first appear during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes usually shows up in the middle of pregnancy. Doctors most often test for it between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Often gestational diabetes can be controlled through eating healthy foods and regular exercise. Sometimes a woman with gestational diabetes must also take insulin.

Gestational diabetes can often be managed with healthy eating and regular physical activity. However, some women may need medication (metformin) and/or insulin injections to help manage gestational diabetes.

Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction deals with the hypothalamus, a central brain region responsible for the control of reproduction, regulates pituitary hormone synthesis and release. Neuroendocrinology is the branch of biology which studies the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system that is how the brain regulates the hormonal activity in the body. Gonadotropin (GnRH) or luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone is a pivotal hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates vertebrate, which consists of various aspects of physiological events throughout the lifespan, including fertilization, development, puberty, social and sexual behaviours, maturation, and aging. Reproductive functions are controlled by the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis.

Adolescent Gynaecology involves the care of young women and their special needs as their bodies change and grow into adulthood. Diagnosis and management of common problems in gynaecology in this age group requires knowledge regarding congenital reproductive anomalies, disorders of gender development, reproductive endocrinopathies, gender identity, and gynaecologic malignancies. Gynaecologic disease states in the adolescent age range present as abdominal-pelvic pain and abnormal menstrual bleeding.

Foetal Placental Neuroendocrine development involves mother, foetus, and placenta, and stress is a key element activating a series of physiological adaptive responses. Oxytocin (OT) is the neurohormone whose major target is uterine contractility and placenta represents a novel source that contributes to the mechanisms of parturition. Among the others, neurohormones, relaxin, parathyroid hormone-related protein, opioids, neurosteroids, and monoamines are expressed and secreted from placental tissues at parturition.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. Anovulation persist with stress, anxiety, crash diet, pituitary disorders, and thyroid disorders, exist in many women.

Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) is a subspecialty of obstetrics and gynaecology that trains doctors in regenerative drug tending to hormonal working in accordance with propagation just as the issue of barrenness.  Women with fertility issues should meet initially with an OB/GYN or medical endocrinologist to ensure they’re on the right path to pregnancy.

Endocrine surgery is the division of surgery which specializes in the surgical treatment of endocrine diseases. Endocrinologists and endocrine surgeons typically work closely together to provide the most advantageous care to patients afflicted with endocrine disorders.

Hormone replacement therapy is used to help balance estrogen and progesterone in women around the time of menopause. Also known as hormone therapy (HT) or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can help relieve sweating, hot flashes, and other symptoms of menopause.

Increase in worldwide prevalence of obesity-associated diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension makes it imperative that endocrinologists, cardiologists and others have a forum for new treatment and therapeutic developments. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of developing a number of serious microvascular and macrovascular complications. Across all ages, the relative risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is ∼2 for patients with diabetes compared with the general population and CVD contributes significantly to the increased, albeit decreasing over time, mortality rate.

Hormones have many important effects on women’s health. The female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, are most well-known because their influence on a woman’s reproductive health, from menstruation to pregnancy to menopause and more

Primary care providers, endocrinologists and obstetricians have been challenged with the question of whether to screen all pregnant women for thyroid disease. The debate springs primarily from unknown clinical implications of subclinical thyroid disease during pregnancy.